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M&A Blog #22 – valuation (less known valuation methods)

Francine Way

Thus far, we have covered four popular valuation methods in M&A (DCF, Comparable Company, Precedent Transaction, and LBO) and one less known one that is making its way out of the academic realm into the business world (Dividend Discount Method, DDM). This post wraps up our valuation discussion.

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What is Cash Flow from Operations (CFO)?

Peak Frameworks

Net Income - It's the starting point for calculating CFO, but it's based on accrual accounting. Because it's based on actual cash generated rather than accrual accounting, which recognizes revenue and expenses when incurred, not necessarily when cash changes hands. For instance, in 2020, IBM reported solid net income.

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Growth Equity: The Child Prodigy of Private Equity and Venture Capital, or an Artifact of Easy Money?

Mergers and Inquisitions

Growth equity firms could invest in any industry but tend to be skewed toward technology and TMT , with some exposure to consumer/retail , healthcare , and financial services. Financial Modeling: Like private equity, 3-statement models are common, as are valuations and DCF models , but LBO models are less common since not all deals use debt.

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Project Finance vs. Corporate Finance: Careers, Recruiting, Financial Modeling, and More

Mergers and Inquisitions

The skill set in PF/Infra is more specialized because modeling Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for a solar plant doesn’t translate that well into valuing a consumer/retail company. In riskier verticals, such as mining, the required DSCR is much higher to account for the added risk of commodity prices.

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The Full Guide to Healthcare Private Equity, from Careers to Contradictions

Mergers and Inquisitions

Pharmacies are closer to retail companies; nursing facilities are like REITs or real estate; small physicians’ practices are like consulting firms; and HCIT companies could be more like software or IT services firms. Areas like healthcare services and medical devices are fairly generalist and follow standard accounting and valuation.

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Metals & Mining Investment Banking: The Full Guide to Ground Zero for the Energy Transition

Mergers and Inquisitions

Valuation , such as the different multiples used for mining companies and the NAV model in place of the DCF (see below). To value it, we build a standard DCF based on production volumes, CapEx to drive capacity, and assumed steel prices: The valuation multiples are also standard (TEV / Revenue, TEV / EBITDA, and P / E).